What equipment is commonly used for measuring angles in surveying?

The theodolite is a highly precise instrument used in surveying for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. It consists of a sighting telescope mounted on a rotating base, which allows surveyors to take accurate angular measurements between points. The theodolite's capabilities make it essential for various applications, including construction, mapping, and land surveying.

While other tools like compasses and clinometers serve important roles in surveying, their functions differ significantly from those of the theodolite. A compass is primarily used for determining direction rather than measuring precise angles. Similarly, a clinometer measures angles of elevation or depression and is not designed for the comprehensive angular measurements theodolites provide. The term "transom" does not accurately describe a surveying tool associated with measuring angles, as it more commonly refers to structural elements rather than surveying instruments.